Bibliography:
- Zhang, Xin (18 June 2018). “Turkey eyes stronger regional and global role with closer China ties”. The Global Times.
- “Erdogan says solution possible for China’s Muslims”. South China Morning Post. 4 July 2019.
- “Erdogan says Xinjiang camps shouldn’t spoil Turkey-China relationship”. CNN. 2 July 2019.
- “China ready to discuss Turkey’s membership into Shanghai pact, says ambassador”. DailySabah. 12 May 2017.
- Li, Xia (29 June 2018). “Xi congratulates Erdogan on re-election as Turkish president”. Xinhua News.
- Taylor, Adam (16 May 2017). “U.S. ally Turkey may have a new best friend in Beijing”. The Washington Post.
- Berman, Ilan (4 October 2019). “Erdogan’s Chinese Gamble”. The Diplomat.
- Chen, Yuan Julian (February 2016). “Between Two Universal Empires: Ottoman-China Connections in the Sixteenth Century”. Yale InterAsia Connections Conference: Alternative Asias: Currents, Crossings, Connection, 2016.
- Chase, Kenneth Warren (2003). Firearms: A Global History to 1700 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Kemal H. Karpat (2001). The politicization of Islam: reconstructing identity, state, faith, and community in the late Ottoman state. Oxford University Press US.
- Harris, Lillian Craig (1993). China Considers the Middle East (illustrated ed.). I. B. Tauris.
- The Moslem World. Hartford Seminary Foundation. 1966.
- LEI, Wan (February 2010). “The Chinese Islamic “Goodwill Mission to the Middle East” During the Anti-Japanese War”.
- “Top Chinese Advisor in Istanbul to Attend Business Forum”. Cihan News Agency. 28 November 2009.
- “Turkish President Arrives in China for Official Visit”. Cihan News Agency. 24 June 2009.
- “President Gul Arrives in China”. Anadolu Agency.
- “Turkey Willing to be in Close Touch with Far-East”. Anadolu Agency.
- “Presidents of Turkey, China Hold Talks”. Cihan News Agency. 25 June 2009.
- “China, Turkey sign seven cooperation agreements”. Cihan News Agency. 25 June 2009.
- “Turkey Pursues A Foreign Policy Safeguarding Security, President Gul”. Anadolu Agency.
- “Turkish President Gul Visits Shenzhen, Third Leg of China trip”. Anadolu Agency.